Here are a few deceased men whose personalities and ideologies still effect the Israel/Palestine conflict and prospects for peace today and whose lives and ideas you should read about (perhaps start with their Wikipedia pages):
1. David Ben-Gurion
2. Ahmed Yassin
3, Avraham Stern
4. Haj Amin al-Husseini
5. Menachem Begin
6. Yasser Arafat
7. Yitzhak Rabin
8. Hassan al-Banna
9. Sayyid Qutb
10. Albert Einstein
11. Yitzak Shamir
12. George Habash
There are many other important thinkers and leaders, but these few are especially important and a good place to start if you want to understand the variety of historical ideological influences that still strongly influence that warmongers and peacemakers on both sides even from the grave.